Disorders of Balance
and Movement

Common Disorders:

• Cerebral Palsy: A group of disorders affecting movement and muscle tone, often resulting from brain injury or abnormal brain development. Symptoms include poor coordination, stiff or loose muscles, and tremors.
• Dyspraxia (Developmental Coordination Disorder): A neurological condition impacting motor skills, making tasks such as brushing teeth and tying shoes challenging. Symptoms begin in childhood and can continue into adulthood, affecting quality of life and independence.
• Ataxia: Characterized by a lack of muscle coordination, leading to unsteady movements and difficulty with balance. It can result from various causes, including genetic conditions and brain injuries.
• Parkinsonism: A condition exhibiting symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease, such as muscle rigidity, balance problems, slow movement, or tremor while at rest. In children, it is less common and often associated with genetic conditions or as a side effect of medications.

Symptoms to Watch For:

• Frequent falls or difficulty maintaining balance.
• Unusual gait patterns, such as shuffling or toe walking.
• Difficulty with fine motor tasks like writing or buttoning shirts.
• Involuntary movements or tremors.

Causes and Risk Factors:

• Genetic Factors: Conditions like cerebral palsy and ataxia can be inherited.
• Prenatal Factors: Maternal infections or substance abuse during pregnancy can affect fetal development.
• Perinatal Factors: Complications during birth, such as oxygen deprivation, can lead to movement disorders.
• Postnatal Factors: Head injuries or infections affecting brain development can result in movement issues.

Diagnosis and Treatment:

• Early diagnosis is crucial for effective management. Healthcare professionals may conduct physical examinations, imaging studies, and genetic testing to identify the underlying cause.
• Treatment plans are individualized and may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, medications, and, in some cases, surgical interventions.

With appropriate support and interventions, many children with movement and balance disorders can lead active and fulfilling lives.